Annotated bibliography Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Annotated bibliography - Research Paper Example However, they only contribute 33 percent to the country’s GDP. The proposal is supported by findings that SMEs in developed countries, where SME authority exist, contribute a higher percentage towards GDP. The article points out how lack of SME authority has affected SMEs in Saudi Arabia. The major effect has been lack of support services and financing programs, which has led to the poor performance of SMEs in Saudi Arabia. The article is relevant to my study since it demonstrates the importance of SME Authority in order to establish order in the SME sector and increase their contribution to the Saudi Arabian economy. The article is based on finding from various countries where establishment of SME Authority have enhanced the role of SMEs. The proposal is credible since the article provides enough evidence on the role of SME Authorities have played in developed and emerging countries in Asia and Europe. However, the article is limited since the author does not acknowledge the resources used in establishing the credibility of the findings. Howard, B 2008, Big in Smalls: Howard Bryant FCMA Helped to Turn a Tiny Dot-Com into the World's Largest Online Seller of Branded Underwear. He Explains Why an SME Is a Tougher Test of Professional Mettle Than a Multinational, Financial Management (UK) , July-August, Available at: http://www.questia.com/library/1G1-184538268/big-in-smalls-howard-bryant-fcma-helped-to-turn-a. The aim of the article is to outline challenges facing SMEs and how CIMA, an institute in UK that trains graduates in the field of business, can enhance its programs to equip the graduates with relevant skills to serve the SME sector effectively. The article involves a systematic analysis of factors that hinder SME performance and proposes the skills CIMA students would require in solving various challenges. The sturdy supported by findings that exposure of finance and accounting students to work in SMEs enables them gain wider breadth competence in business. The article is relevant to my study since it establishes to challenges facing SMEs and the role of professionals in the field of finance and accounting in resolving these challenges. The article makes use of statistics from reliable organizations such as Office of National statistics in UK and is thus credible. Moreover, Howard Bryant, who authored the article, is a finance director and consultant in the area of finance and the findings are believable. Possible limitation is that the article is based on findings from SME sector in UK and some findings might not apply to Saudi Arabia. Fu, Y.-K 2011, Marketing activities management in SMEs: An Exploratory Sudy, Human Systems Management, Volume 30, DOI 10.3233/HSM-2010-0743, pp. 155-166. The article aims to establish and compare the tendency of national-level and regional level sales managers to engage in the eight marketing activities management systems. A survey was conducted using questionnaires devised to measure the par ticipation of sale managers in marketing activities. The study supported findings by Siu (2002), whose study found that sales managers play a crucial role in determining the performance of SMEs. Moreover, Siu (2002) found out that findings regarding SME practices and performance are region specific and there is thus need for adoption of contingency approach. The article is relevant to my study since it focused on marketing activities in Eastern business environments where Saudi Arabia is

Knowledge Automation As an Approach to Online Integrated Systems Assignment - 7

Knowledge Automation As an Approach to Online Integrated Systems - Assignment Example It is vital to implement automation systems in today’s business climate for certain reasons. The Web nowadays has become the basic and crucial means of communication for most firms. Moreover, employees would be demanded to grasp and adhere to the firm’s business actions and policies which must be based on what they lay their eyes on the intranet. Since everyone is critically searching for solutions to their needs, experts can hence be considered to be very busy persons (Dedan 9).  There are certainly many problems that Exsys Corvid knowledge automation systems try to solve. They have been assisting various firms and agencies related to the government, to construct knowledge automation mechanism for many years. Their approach can be proven and attested to be extremely doing well across various levels and institutions in the world. They can be used on diverse kind of issues since they provide a strong foundation for finding remarkable solutions for companies (Dedan 14).   The easiest systems to build are for providing solutions based on well-documented steps or illustrations as needed. The expert must have an understanding of the solution making stages. The best systems must strive to disseminate the knowledge of issues that can be documented but sophisticated to explain (Dedan 17).  The above is the logo image which became copy-pasted from the website. This demo, after critical analysis, can be decided to be the best. It mainly handles issue dealing with managing contaminated animal and plant material. It delivers vital information and useful piece of advice needed for efficient, effective, and economical disposing of animal and plant material that becomes contaminated.  

Learners With Exceptionalities Make Up An Important Education Essay

Learners With Exceptionalities Make Up An Important Education Essay Learners with an exceptionality differ from their peers through their differences in requirements to learning and the classroom environment in regard to factors such as support systems, teaching methods, and social interaction with other learners and teachers. Learners with an exceptionality include those with learning disabilities, communication disorders, intellectual disabilities, behaviour disorders, and also gifted and talented students. Each group needs a special level and type of support for their individual learning needs. Because these learners make up the extreme ends of the learning spectrum, sometimes all areas of a learners schooling life have to be altered to cater for the individual. This can be from an intermittent, part-time basis to the learner requiring full-time support. However, the social interaction can be highly beneficial for students with an exceptionality, (Scruggs Mastropieri, 2007) and research shows this could be due to activities such as peer tutoring within classes. Because of these learners extra requirements on the teachers and supporting caregivers at school and home, (especially those with disabilities) this can eventually result in not only the search for funding for these learners, but over the long-term a strain on teachers and other learning professionals to create a continual individualized learning programme, unless strategies are implemented to create a positive and effective learning environment for both the learner and teacher. Exceptionality also has implications for the learner in school in terms of the learners relationships with others, but also the implications on the relationships between these individuals. For example, if the classroom environment is becoming stressful because of a students disruptive behaviour disorder, this can create negative relationships between other students parents and the teacher or school professionals. The spill over effect of only some learners needs being addressed can be very negatively impacting, and so encouraging a positive learning environment is essential. There are certain strategies related to the social cognitive theory that can help to create a positive learning environment. Furthermore, these strategies in teaching can be applied to not only students with exceptionalities but also to all students in different contexts of learning environments within schools at all ends of the learning spectrum. These strategies are modelling, vicarious learning, and self regul ation and can all be implemented into classroom applications at school as they help explain how learning happens. Attention, retention, reproduction and motivation are some of the essential processes that are involved in learning, and also in the social cognitive theory. The social cognitive theory explains learning by focusing on behaviour resulting from observing others (Eggen Kauchak, 2010, p. 179). This theory stems from behaviourism, which agrees with the social cognitive theory in three main ways, firstly both theories maintain that experience, the ideas of reinforcement or punishment, and feedback are essential to learning. However, the core elements of the social cognitive theory differs to behaviourism also in three ways, social cognitive theorists define learning as a change in mental processes that creates the capacity to demonstrate different behaviours (Eggen Kauchak, 2010, p. 180) which can be demonstrated in the teaching strategy of modelling, compared to behaviourists who define learning as a change in observable behaviour. Secondly, in the social cognitive theory beliefs, self perceptions and expectations are important. This is evident in the vicarious learning strategy which is strongly linked to expectations of the learner. Thirdly, social cognitive theorists believe that the environment, personal factors and behaviour rely on and affect one another. This is also called reciprocal causation. This is closely interconnected with self regulation, another essential learning tool. The main components of this theory are explained and discussed as teaching strategies which help learners to adapt their behaviour through seeing and interacting with others, therefore promoting a positive classroom environment for all students with and without an exceptionality. The three teaching strategies that are based on the social cognitive theory can be implemented in a school setting in a number of different ways. Firstly, modelling is one of the central concepts of the social cognitive theory and can be a very effective way of teaching, especially in terms of different age groups, different cultures and learners at all ends of the learning spectrum. Modelling refers to observing then making behavioural, cognitive, or affective changes as a result (Eggen Kauchak, 2010, p. 181). Modelling can be taught in three main forms, direct modelling, where the learner simply tries to copy the teachers behaviour. This is especially effective for children with a learning or intellectual disability, as it promotes and encourages learning (Scruggs Mastropieri, 2007) and also can be particular effective for children in the pre-operational stage as it not only can work well as an effective form of instructional scaffolding, but direct modelling can also be effective when demonstrated through models, simulations, and demonstrations. The hands on approach can be highly effective in encouraging higher order thinking in children with a learning disability. (Scruggs Mastropieri, 2007) Modelling in general is also important to the learning of students with an exceptionality because it encourages social interaction and development, with the result being cognitive development through accommodation and assimilation (Eggen Kauchak, 2010). Cognitive Modelling encourages social interactions between learners for both the students with exceptionalities and other students, and as the research and views of both Piaget and Vytkey suggest, social integration is essential for learning development. (Eggen Kauchak, 2010, p. 181). This can be demonstrated in the classroom environment by a teachers verbal or written explan ation of the cognitive and thought processes used while solving a problem or applying knowledge to aim for a result. This is also effective because it gives learners an insight into the intrinsic processes of their cognitive development, encouraging them to be self aware. The effects of modelling are large, as learners can acquire new behaviours, use existing behaviours in a new and different way, and their perception of their inhibitions and emotional reactions can also change (Eggen Kauchak, 2010). In a nutshell, modelling encourages learning through its positive effects on attention, retention, reproduction and motivation. Vicarious learning is also an important core concept of the social cognitive theory as it affects students expectations. Expectations are especially important for students with exceptionalities as a safe, supportive and routine environment are all essential factors in contributing to the learning and developmental achievement of these individuals within the school environment. (Buckley, Bird, Sacks Archer. 2006).Vicarious learning is an essential teaching strategy as people tend to imitate behaviour they see in others, so learners with an exceptionality can relate and learn effectively in this environment. This strategy can be implemented in the school or classroom environment by planning, implementing and monitoring rules and procedures in a variety of ways. Visual and written aids, such as charts, wall planners and visual cues can encourage positive and constructive learning behaviour and attitudes, as well as organizing groups within the class and using modelling or hands on acti vities. This has also been shown to lessen the frequency of behaviour problems occurring in some students with a learning disability (Scruggs Mastropieri, 2007). Vicarious learning is also a link to another teaching strategy of self regulation, which affects the learners motivation, ability to set goals and take responsibility for their own understanding and learning. By affecting learners expectations of their own ability this can have an effect on their behaviour and their environment. Self regulation requires consistency in teaching, in order for the students themselves to become consistent in self awareness and self monitoring ability. Consistency is also important in the students efforts to monitor their own progress and in their determination to succeed at their desired goals, making them accountable for their own learning. Reflective practice is also necessary for teachers with any strategy in the learning environment. This can be implemented in a variety of ways, such as conducting action research of the classroom environment in order to answer a specific question regarding learners with and/or without an exceptionality. Other ways te achers can use reflective practice is by using a diary or journal, creating aims and goals, testing those aims and goals, monitoring the progress of the students and then reviewing those aims and goals. This is inclusive of teaching self regulation, as it requires the teacher to constantly adapt and develop as the learner does. Understanding the issues for teaching professionals of learners with an exceptionality and their community is vastly important for all stakeholders involved. Openness, communication, knowledge and pedagogical knowledge amongst individuals is especially relevant in regards with decisions and plans relative to the learner, such as the I.E.P. These aspects are important and contributing factors to a learners development. In other words, instructional leadership, and collaboration together are important within a school to ensure the learners needs are met. Furthermore it is also important to note that although inclusive education in New Zealand can be effective with social and diverse benefits; many parents and families are choosing special education due to extensive resources that some inclusive education schooling environments may not have. Implementing the strategies discussed in inclusive education is costly. Adapting teaching strategies and the curriculum requires resources, and fun ding is an issue as there is a high demand from all different sectors such as inclusive versus special schools wanting a piece of the cake. (Eades, Leech Tuenter 2010). This is still being addressed for a number of reasons but could possibly be due to a general awareness of the limitations for learners with an exceptionality, and the effects and impact at large on the greater proportion of all other students in inclusive education. In conclusion, both the teacher and students can benefit from the number of teaching strategies demonstrated by the social cognitive theory. However the present impact on the learner in New Zealand is limited by financial constraints to implement these, and other learning strategies for students with an exceptionality. With a focus on results over reasons, perhaps the future of these learners will see the equal and effective teaching resources of their peers, through a focus on the empathy and understanding of their unique but equally important needs.

Genetic Haemochromatosis :: essays research papers

Genetic haemochromatosis is a disorder, which causes iron build up over time. Usually an adult has about 4 grams of iron in their body but with this disorder the amount of iron in the body is much higher, with the total amount of iron in the body reaching up to 20 to 40 grams if untreated. In Australia, haemochromatosis affects 1 in 200-300 people but it is most common in Australians whose ancestry is from Northern Europe or the United Kingdom. If haemochromatosis is left untreated, it leads to conditions such as:  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cirrhosis of the liver  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cardiomyopathy  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Diabetes To prevent these problems from developing, early diagnosis and treatment is needed. The treatment for this disorder is done by regularly extracting blood, from the same main vein, as the one that’s used for when a person donates blood. By doing this regularly, it reduces the high levels of iron in the blood so that it doesn’t get stored in various organs. People who are affected by haemochromatosis may show no symptoms at all. The symptoms of this disorder are more likely to develop in men aged between 40 and 60 years old and at a later age for women, although the disorder can be diagnosed much earlier. For this disorder, symptoms vary according to the organs involved. In the early years there may be no symptoms at all except for a healthy skin colouring that seems like a tan. Although early symptoms that occur in some people are:  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Weakness  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Weight Loss  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lack of interest or concern  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sexual drive  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pain in the arms  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Muscle Tenderness  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cramps in the legs Symptoms may occur earlier in men though because women lose blood during menstruation and childbirth causing the iron levels in the body to reduce. THE CAUSES OF HEREDITARY HAEMOCHROMATOSIS The gene most commonly involved in hereditary haemochromatosis is called the HFE gene. On the short arm of chromosome number 6 is where this gene is located. The HFE gene codes the protein that regulates iron absorption. When the HFE gene is faulty the message from the gene is also faulty causing the iron storage that regulates itself to fail. Two mutations, called C282Y and H63D, have been identified in the HFE gene. It appears to cause most of the cases of hereditary haemochromatosis. Being born with two faulty HFE gene copies does not actually have to mean that a person will definitely develop HH, it just means that they are more easily affected by hereditary haemochromatosis then others.

Circular Flow of Income

Q1. The circular flow of income is to show flows of goods and services and factors of production between firms and households. It used to measure the level of income and output in the economy . Households provide resources which aid the production process of business firms. Resources such as labour, land and capital are used by the business firms in return for payment this generates a flow of income to the households in the form of wages, rent, interest and profit . Firms in return make using the factors of productions goods and services which are sold to the households.Households give back payment for the goods and services these are expenditures. Expenditure of households becomes income for firms. The firms then spend this income on factors of production such as labour, capital and raw materials, â€Å"transferring† their income to the production factor owners. The production factor owners then spend this income on goods and services provided by the business firms which lead s to a circular flow of income. Q2. The income and spending of the circular flow of income are not equal this is because of injections and withdraws from the economy.Injections provide finance into the economy whilst withdrawals is money taken out of the economy. If withdrawals are bigger than injections the country would be facing a deficit and negative economic growth. If withdrawals are less than injections then a country would be facing a budget surplus and economic growth. Injections *Investment (I) *Government spending (G) *Foreign money /Exports (X) Investment (I) is defined as spending that results in an increase the economy's capital stock .Successful investments result in a increase in the economy's capacity to produce goods and services increasing profit. Examples include spending on construction and property the values of which appreciate over time due to inflation. The average, household spends less each year than they receive in income. The portion of household income that is not used to buy goods and services or to pay taxes is Savings (S). The most familiar form of saving is the use of part of a households income to make deposits in bank accounts or to buy shares or bonds, rather than to buy goods and services.The government withdrawals money, collecting revenue through taxes (T) which is provided by households and firms to the government. Taxes such as income tax that is tax on wages or corporation tax that is the tax on business profits are withdrawn out of the current income reducing the expenditure on current goods and services. Taxes are then injected back in as government spending (G) they are used to provide services such education, NHS and to provide welfare payments to the community such as jobseekers allowance, housing benefit and disability living allowance.International trade plays an increasingly important role in shaping the performance of the British economy, the UK is seen as one of the world leaders in terms of the volume of im ports/ exports of commodities and services. The value of exports (X) sold overseas will be injected into the circular flow, one of the UK’s largest exports is pharmaceuticals. Spending by UK consumers and businesses on imported (I) products represent a leakage from the flow, over 60% of imports into Britain are finished manufactured goods, while just under 3% are basic materials such as tobacco for cigarettes.

Digital Marketing

The world as we see it today is an evolving and rapidly changing place. What was news yesterday is history today. In such a dynamic environment, change is the only thing constant. And this change is across all spheres of our lives, touching us at various touch points around us. It will reflect in our habits and the lifestyles we maintain. So it is only natural that it will also have an effect on our media consumption and interaction. As we discuss this, traditional media still continues to remain the mainstay of a large number of brands, and the basis for trying to reach a large mass of people.But consumers today are a discerning lot, and more and more brands are seeing merit in having niche audiences. This is where the internet comes in and weaves it magic. It enables marketing to the relevant person, at the right time and at the right occasion. This is where the future lies. Online marketing is not about a one size fits all approach. It is about exclusivity, and the recognition tha t people are unique. This is exactly what social marketing and mobile marketing believe in endorsing. The beauty of social marketing is that it is non-intrusive and at the same time can touch your consumer at a very vital touch point.Also, with the growth in social networks and the need for the world to maintain elaborate virtual lives; this is one space that will only grow. In 3-5 years I can imagine many more social networking sites springing up, and some catering to extremely niche audiences. This will spell a boon for marketing people, since they will be able to talk to whom they want, and cut away the clutter. Also, the kind of communication will be very experiential and feedback oriented. Brands will be able to interact with their consumers and take them into their world.Shopping today is all about the experience, and what you are going through while you go through the motions of a seemingly mundane activity. It is about being surrounded by a plethora of choices and having fun while deciding which one to pick up. The consumer today sees new sights and sounds around him, and brands and products are trying to talk to him through every possible touch point . This makes for a very experiential form of marketing, which the internet will pioneer. The mobile is another tool that will be a great media form in the coming years. This is a nascent space just waiting to boom.The best part is that there is a high degree of measurability attached to this medium, and it will be possible to measure the exact responses to communication, and then the desired response to this. What will also drive this is the need for ease and convenience that will continue to grow. So having your world on your fingertips will be even more critical, and what better than your mobile phone for that! So brands that talk to you through your mobile will automatically occupy critical places in your life. Finally, word of mouth is a potent tool that I strongly believe will become bigger and stron ger in the coming years.It is here that social marketing and other online activities will be able to make a critical difference. Online public relations will enable brands to increase their positive coverage and thus ensure that their consumers read the right things at the right place. Ultimately, brands those are able to break the shackles of their conventional media forms and ride this wave of progress will stand out and truly be able to find newer and better way to communicate their stories. This is what will differentiate the winners from the rest.